2025
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 3, iss. 1, pp. 1 - 22, 2025, ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE-25-001,
title = {Comparative Study on Consolidation Parameters and Settlement Potentials of Cement Stabilized Black Cotton and Lateritic Soils on Sedimentary Formation of Part of South-Western Nigeria},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IJAGIE-25-001.pdf},
issn = {2545-5559},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-02-16},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {3},
issue = {1},
pages = {1 - 22},
abstract = {This research investigates the impact of cement stabilization on Black Cotton Soil (BCS) and Lateritic Soil. It also examines how varying cement proportions (10%, 20%, and 30%) affect their settlement potentials and compaction characteristics. Given the tendency of BCS to swell when wet and shrink when dry, along with the inconsistent strength of Lateritic Soil, this study highlights the need for effective soil stabilization methods in civil engineering, especially in areas where these soils are commonly found. In accordance with BS 1377 (1990), experimental tests such as compaction and consolidation were performed to analyse the modifications in soil properties. The pre-consolidation pressure fell from 3600 kN/m² to 466.37 kN/m² at 30% cement substitution in black cotton soil. In contrast, the pre-consolidation pressure rose from 110 kN/m² to 2000 kN/m² with 20% cement substitution and more in lateritic soil. The results demonstrated notable enhancements of maximum dry density, shear strength, and moisture retention in both soil types, with Lateritic Soil showing better performance and needing less cement for effective stabilization. These findings are significant for road construction and civil engineering infrastructure development, offering insights into optimal cement content to improve soil performance.
Keywords: Cement, Stabilization, Black Cotton Soil, Lateritic Soil, Compaction, Consolidation and Pre-consolidation/},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keywords: Cement, Stabilization, Black Cotton Soil, Lateritic Soil, Compaction, Consolidation and Pre-consolidation/
2022
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson; SANNI, Hakeem Adesoji
Consolidation Parameters and Settlement Potentials of Black Cotton Soil Stabilized Sedimentary Formation of Part of South-Western Nigeria Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 89 - 97, 2022, ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE-22-013,
title = {Consolidation Parameters and Settlement Potentials of Black Cotton Soil Stabilized Sedimentary Formation of Part of South-Western Nigeria},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Hakeem Adesoji SANNI},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IJAGIE-22-013.pdf},
issn = {2545-5559},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-15},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {89 - 97},
abstract = {Black cotton soils are characterized by their damaging attributes which include erosion, expansion, excessive creep, high compressibility, heaving, subsidence, dispersion and swelling. Problematic soils have some additional unique properties including low bearing capacity, high water absorption, and low permeability, among others. Palm kernel shells are not common material in the construction industry. This is either because they are not available in very large quantities as sand or gravel, or because their use for such has not been encouraged. For some time now, the stakeholders’ have been clamoring for the use of local materials in the construction industry to limit the cost of construction. There has therefore been a greater call for the sourcing and development of alternative, non-conventional local construction materials. Therefore there is need to look at the possibility of mitigating the problems of black cotton soils using locally available materials. One of such is palm kernel shells. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the sedimentary formation at Idogo in Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates 6⁰ 50' 6" N and 2⁰ 58' 42" E. The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The palm kernel shell wastes were taken from palm oil producing plant along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run 90% consolidation tests. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 50% at 10% intervals while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, consolidation tests were conducted on the saturated and unsaturated composite materials of black cotton on sedimentary formation mixed varying degrees of palm kernel shells for the determination of consolidation parameters and possible settlement potentials. This will help to find a way of incorporating solid palm kernel shells into engineering advantage thereby helping to reduce the nuisance and menace caused by solid palm kernel shell waste in the environment and leading to a more stable environment.
Keywords: Sedimentary Formation, Consolidation Parameters, Palm Kernel Shell, Settlement Potentials},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keywords: Sedimentary Formation, Consolidation Parameters, Palm Kernel Shell, Settlement Potentials
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson; RAJI, Gbenro Oyedele
Compaction Behaviors of Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex and Sedimentary Formation of Part of South-Western Nigeria Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 84 - 88, 2022, ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE-22-012,
title = {Compaction Behaviors of Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex and Sedimentary Formation of Part of South-Western Nigeria},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Gbenro Oyedele RAJI},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/IJAGIE-22-012.pdf},
issn = {2545-5559},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-08-25},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {84 - 88},
abstract = {Expansive soils are one of those kinds of soils whose volume change takes place while it comes in contact with water. It expands during the rainy season due to intake of water and shrinks during dry season. The wetting and drying process of a sub-grade layer composed of black cotton soil result into failure of pavements in form of settlement and cracking. Therefore, prior to construction of a road on such sub-grade, it is important either to remove the existing soil and replace it with a non-expansive soil or to improve the engineering properties of the existing soil by stabilization using additives such as egg shell powder and palm kernel shell which is source locally The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". Another black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the sedimentary formation at Idogo in Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates 6⁰ 50' 6" N and 2⁰ 58' 42" E. The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, compaction tests were conducted on the black cotton soils on basement complex and sedimentary formation for the determination of maximum dry density, bulk density and optimum moisture content of the natural soils. From the results, the bulk and dry densities of black cotton soil on the sedimentary formation are higher than that of basement complex while the later required more test water content to achieve the maximum bulk and dry densities. The optimum moisture content of basement complex is higher than that of sedimentary formation. It could be seen from the results that the type of formation played a prominent role in their behaviors to the compactive efforts.
Keywords: Black Cotton Soil; Basement Complex; Sedimentary Formation; Dry Density; Optimum Moisture Content.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keywords: Black Cotton Soil; Basement Complex; Sedimentary Formation; Dry Density; Optimum Moisture Content.
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson; AKINRINADE, Saheed Laide
Consistency Characteristics and Behaviors of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 78 - 83, 2022, ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE-22-011,
title = {Consistency Characteristics and Behaviors of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Saheed Laide AKINRINADE},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/IJAGIE-22-011.pdf},
issn = {2545-5559},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-08-23},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {78 - 83},
abstract = {Expansive soils tend to be strong in its dry state but when in a wet condition, it tends to lose its strength. The low strength and excessive volume changes of black cotton soil make their use in constructions very difficult. The properties of the black cotton soil may be altered in many ways through mechanical, chemical and other means. Therefore, it becomes very important to investigate the physical and engineering properties associated with the black cotton soil especially as a construction material. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The palm kernel shell wastes were taken from palm oil producing plant along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, consistency tests were conducted on the composite materials of black cotton on basement complex mixed varying degrees of palm kernel shells, for the determination of liquid limit, plastic limit, etc. From the results, shrinkage limit reduced from 2.0cm for 0% substitution to 1.5cm for 30% substitution of palm kernel shell substitution in black cotton soil on basement complex. The percentage shrinkage limit became constant at 30% palm kernel shell substitution which is an indication that the optimum percentage substitution of palm kernel shell in black cotton soil on basement complex is 30%.
Keywords: Expansive Soil, Consistency, Basement Complex, Palm Kernel Shell},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keywords: Expansive Soil, Consistency, Basement Complex, Palm Kernel Shell
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson; ADEWUNMI, Adeniyi Francis
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 72 - 77, 2022, ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE-22-010,
title = {Consistency Characteristics and Behaviors of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Sedimentary Formation of Part of South-Western Nigeria},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Adeniyi Francis ADEWUNMI},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/IJAGIE-22-010.pdf},
issn = {2545-5559},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-08-19},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {72 - 77},
abstract = {The disposal of waste materials is a big problem in the developing country like Nigeria. As a result of lack of land required for disposal technique. The substitution of these waste materials in the form of stabilizing agent in the soil stabilization is a modern approach by which waste materials can be of advantage in civil engineering projects. The idea behind the technique of soil stabilization is that the finer particles of soil are replaced with coarser particles of the waste material so that a composite material is formed having an interlocking ability with better geotechnical properties. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the sedimentary formation at Idogo in Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates 6⁰ 50' 6" N and 2⁰ 58' 42" E. The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The palm kernel shell wastes were taken from palm oil producing plant along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run consistency tests. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, consistency tests were conducted on the composite materials of black cotton on sedimentary formation mixed varying degrees of palm kernel shells for the determination of liquid limit, plastic limit, etc. The observed or measured parameters reduce as the palm kernel shell substitutions increases. It is evidently clear from the results that the percentage shrinkage limit became constant at 30% palm kernel shell substitution in black cotton soil on sedimentary formation which is an indication of constancy of volume.
Keywords: Expansive Soil, Consistency, Sedimentary Formation, Palm Kernel Shell.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keywords: Expansive Soil, Consistency, Sedimentary Formation, Palm Kernel Shell.
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson; ADEBESIN, Ayodeji Solomon
CBR Characteristics and Behaviors of Black Cotton Soil on Sedimentary Formation Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 64 - 71, 2022, ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE-22-09,
title = {CBR Characteristics and Behaviors of Black Cotton Soil on Sedimentary Formation},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Ayodeji Solomon ADEBESIN},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/IJAGIE-22-009.pdf},
issn = {2545-5559},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-08-16},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {64 - 71},
abstract = {Black cotton soils are characterized by their damaging attributes which include erosion, expansion, excessive creep, high compressibility, heaving, subsidence, dispersion and swelling. Problematic soils have some additional unique properties including low bearing capacity, high water absorption, low permeability, among others. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the sedimentary formation at Idogo in Yewa South Local Government, Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates 6⁰ 50' 6" N and 2⁰ 58' 42" N. The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, California Bearing-Ratio (CBR) tests were conducted on the materials of black cotton on sedimentary formation to determine the suitability of the natural expansive soil for use as sub-grade, sub-base or base materials. It is evidently clear from the results that the CBR value of the soil is low and could be classified as poor soil. Even though the soil could be used as sub-grade, and in order to reduce the overall construction cost of highways, it will still be required that soil be stabilized with any of the locally available stabilized agents or materials.
Keywords: Sedimentary Formation, California Bearing-Ratio, Pavement, Strength},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keywords: Sedimentary Formation, California Bearing-Ratio, Pavement, Strength
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson; AFOLABI, Rapheal Rafiu
California Bearing-Ratio Characteristics and Behaviors of Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 55 - 63, 2022, ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE-22-08,
title = {California Bearing-Ratio Characteristics and Behaviors of Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Rapheal Rafiu AFOLABI},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {https://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/IJAGIE-22-008-1.pdf},
issn = {2545-5559},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-08-14},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {55 - 63},
abstract = {Road construction as a viable means for economic advancement of any country requires much attention. The attention for this is in different facet and the mode of construction as well as cost of construction affects the quality and size of the road to be constructed. Developing nation with verse arable land and inter lands needs enough quality roads to link the rural areas with the urban areas where mainly agricultural activities are done in large scale. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site (Figure 1) lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, California Bearing-Ratio (CBR) tests were conducted on the materials of black cotton (on basement complex) to determine the suitability of the expansive soil for use as sub-grade, sub-base or base materials in road construction. It is evidently clear from the results that the CBR value of the soil is low and could be classified as poor soil. Even though the soil could be used as sub-grade, and in order to reduce the overall construction cost of highways, it will still be required that soil be stabilized with any of the locally available stabilized agents or materials.
Keywords: California Bearing Ratio, Sub-grade, Sub-base, Base Course, Pavement},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keywords: California Bearing Ratio, Sub-grade, Sub-base, Base Course, Pavement
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson; OLAREWAJU, Oluwasegun Samuel
Consistency Behaviors of Eggshell Powder Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Sedimentary Formation of Part of South-Western Nigeria Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 48 - 54, 2022, ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE-22-07,
title = {Consistency Behaviors of Eggshell Powder Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Sedimentary Formation of Part of South-Western Nigeria},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Oluwasegun Samuel OLAREWAJU},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IJAGIE-22-007-1.pdf},
issn = {2545-5559},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-08-03},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {48 - 54},
abstract = {Soils which undergo large volume changes with change in water content like black cotton may be troublesome if used for highway or railroad fills or if structural foundations are placed on them. The soil volume changes result in bumps in roads and cracks in structures since the volume changes may not, and usually will not, be equal. The liquid and plastic limits may be used to predict potential problems in soils due to volume changes. However, to obtain quantitative indication of how much change in moisture can occur before any appreciable volume change occurs and to obtain, if volume change does occur, an indication of the amount of change, a shrinkage-limit test should be performed. The black cotton (expansive) soil used in this study was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Idogo in Yewa South Local Government, Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates 6⁰ 50' 6" N and 2⁰ 58' 42" N. The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The eggshell wastes were taken from Obasanjo Farms, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The eggshells were grounded into powder and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals while 0% eggshell powder substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, consistency tests were conducted on the composite materials of black cotton (on sedimentary formation) mixed varying degrees of eggshell powder for the determination of liquid limit, plastic limit, etc. It is evidently clear from the results that the percentage shrinkage limit became constant at 30% eggshell powder substitution in black cotton soil on sedimentary formation which is an indication of constancy of volume.
Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Consistency, Sedimentary Formation, Eggshell Powder.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Consistency, Sedimentary Formation, Eggshell Powder.
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson; OGUNJIMI, Oluwale Adisa
Consistency Characteristics and Behaviors of Eggshell Powder Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 41 - 47, 2022, ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE-22-06,
title = {Consistency Characteristics and Behaviors of Eggshell Powder Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Oluwale Adisa OGUNJIMI},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IJAGIE-22-006-1.pdf},
issn = {2545-5559},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {41 - 47},
abstract = {Expansive soils are one of those kinds of soils whose volume change takes place while it comes in contact with water. Therefore, prior to construction of a road on such sub-grade, it is important either to remove the existing soil and replace it with a non-expansive soil or to improve the engineering properties of the existing soil by stabilization using additives which are sourced locally. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The eggshell wastes were taken from Obasanjo Farms, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The eggshells were grounded into powder and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals while 0% eggshell powder substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, consistency tests were conducted on the composite materials of black cotton (on basement complex) mixed with varying degrees of eggshell powder for the determination of liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit, etc. It is evidently clear from the results that the percentage shrinkage limit became constant at 30% eggshell powder substitution in black cotton soil on basement complex which is an indication of constancy of volume.
Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Consistency, Basement Complex, Eggshell Powder},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Consistency, Basement Complex, Eggshell Powder
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson; BAMISAYE, Ayodele Samuel
Pressure Load Characteristics of Unsaturated Eggshell Powder Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 33 - 40, 2022, ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE-22-05,
title = {Pressure Load Characteristics of Unsaturated Eggshell Powder Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Ayodele Samuel BAMISAYE},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IJAGIE-22-0055.pdf},
issn = {2545-5559},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-07-31},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {33 - 40},
abstract = {Soil stabilization either by mechanical or chemical means is the remedy for shrinkage and swelling of black cotton soil to create an improved soil material possessing the desired engineering properties. Soils may be stabilized to increase strength and durability of the black cotton soil. Regardless of the purpose for stabilization, the desired result is the creation of a soil material or soil system that will remain in place under the design use conditions for the design life of the civil engineering project. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The eggshell wastes were taken from Obasanjo Farms, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run consolidation tests. The eggshells were grounded into powder and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals for consolidation and settlement parameters determination while 0% eggshell powder substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), 90% consolidation tests were conducted on unsaturated composite materials of black cotton soil mixed with varying degrees of eggshell powder to determine the compression and expansion characteristics for the 1-hour soaked samples. From the preliminary results, compression behavior is linear meaning; it is directly proportional to time for all the substitutions investigated while there is no reduction during expansion above 20% substitution while removing the load. The rate and magnitude of expansion is zero for the 30% substitutions investigated. At 30% eggshell powder substitution in black cotton soil, expansion problem would be significantly reduced if not completely eliminated.
Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Expansion, Compression, Unsaturated, Eggshell Powder.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Expansion, Compression, Unsaturated, Eggshell Powder.
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson; TELLA, David Oluwatomisin
Compression and Expansion Characteristics of Eggshell Powder Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 24 - 32, 2022, ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE-22-04,
title = {Compression and Expansion Characteristics of Eggshell Powder Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and David Oluwatomisin TELLA},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IJAGIE-22-005.pdf},
issn = { 2545-5559},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-07-29},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {24 - 32},
abstract = {Black cotton soil is heavy clay soil which varies from clay to loam and it is generally light to dark grey in color. The most important characteristic of the soil is that when dry, it shrinks and is hard like stone and when wet it expands. The uncommon traits of the soil make it hard to construct foundation in such soil. Special method of construction of foundation is needed in such soil. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The eggshell wastes were taken from Obasanjo Farms, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run consolidation tests. The eggshells were grounded into powder and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals for consolidation and settlement parameters determination while 0% eggshell powder substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), 90% consolidation tests were conducted on composite materials of black cotton soil mixed with varying degrees of eggshell powder to determine the compression and expansion characteristics for the 24-hour soaked samples. From the results, compression behavior is linear meaning; it is directly proportional to time for all the substitutions investigated while there is no reduction during expansion above 20% substitution while removing the load. The rate and magnitude of expansion is zero for the 30% substitutions investigated. At 30% eggshell powder substitution in black cotton soil, expansion problem would be significantly reduced or completely eliminated.
Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Expansion, Compression, Consolidation, Eggshell Powder.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Expansion, Compression, Consolidation, Eggshell Powder.
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson; OLORUKO-OBA, Abdulwaheed Ahmed
Compression and Expansion Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 15 - 23, 2022, ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE-22-03,
title = {Compression and Expansion Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Abdulwaheed Ahmed OLORUKO-OBA},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/IJAGIE-22-003.pdf},
issn = {2545-5559},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-07-26},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {15 - 23},
abstract = {Expansive soils are one of those kinds of soils whose volume change takes place while it comes in contact with water. It expands during the rainy season due to intake of water and shrinks during dry season. The properties of the black cotton soil may be altered in many ways through mechanical, chemical and other means. Therefore, it becomes very important to investigate the physical and engineering properties associated with the black cotton soil especially as a construction material or for foundation purposes. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The palm kernel shell wastes were taken from palm oil producing plant (Figure 1) along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run consolidation tests. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals for consolidation and settlement parameters determination while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), 90% consolidation tests were conducted on composite materials of black cotton soil mixed with varying degrees of palm kernel shells to determine the compression and expansion characteristics for the 24-hour soaked samples. From the results, compression behavior is linear meaning, it is directly proportional to time for all the substitutions investigated while for the first 30 seconds, there is no remarkable and noticeable reduction during expansion while removing the load. The rate and magnitude of expansion is minimal for all the substitutions investigated.
Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Expansion, Compression, Consolidation, Palm Kernel Shell.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Expansion, Compression, Consolidation, Palm Kernel Shell.
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson; FALOLA, Olayinka Ebenezer
Pressure Load Characteristics of Unsaturated Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 7 - 14, 2022, ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE-22-02,
title = {Pressure Load Characteristics of Unsaturated Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Olayinka Ebenezer FALOLA},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/IJAGIE-22-002.pdf},
issn = {2545-5559},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-07-25},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {7 - 14},
abstract = {Black cotton soil, because of its swelling and shrinkage characteristics is a challenge to geotechnical engineers. It is very hard when dry, but losses its strength completely when in wet condition. It exhibits very low bearing capacity, low permeability and high volume change due to the presence of montmorillonite and iolite clay minerals. Modification of black cotton soil by chemical admixtures is a common method for stabilizing the swell-shrink tendency of expansive soils. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow pit site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The palm kernel shell wastes were taken from palm oil producing plant along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined and was then used to run consolidation tests. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals for consolidation and settlement parameters determination while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), 90% consolidation tests were conducted on composite materials of black cotton soil mixed with varying degrees of palm kernel shells to determine the compression and expansion characteristics for the 1-hour soaked samples. From the results, compression behavior is linear meaning, it is directly proportional to time for all the substitutions investigated while for the first 30 seconds, there is no remarkable and noticeable reduction during expansion while removing the load. The rate and magnitude of expansion is minimal for all the substitutions investigated.
Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Unsaturated, Consolidation, Palm Kernel Shell.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Unsaturated, Consolidation, Palm Kernel Shell.
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson; OMOPARIOLA, Sunday Samuel
Coefficient of Consolidation of Saturated and Unsaturated Eggshell Powder Stabilized Lateritic Soil of Part of South-Western Nigeria Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1 - 6, 2022, ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE-22-01,
title = {Coefficient of Consolidation of Saturated and Unsaturated Eggshell Powder Stabilized Lateritic Soil of Part of South-Western Nigeria},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Sunday Samuel OMOPARIOLA},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/IJAGIE-22-001.pdf},
issn = {2545-5559},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-07-21},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {1 - 6},
abstract = {Eggshell is an agricultural waste which has been found to possess pozolanic property and has been used as partial replacement of cement in other materials. It is against this background that it is been used as a stabilizing agent on problematic lateritic soil. The laterite soil was obtained from a borrow pit at Ajegunle along Ilaro-Papalanto road, Yewa South Local Government Area in Ogun State, Nigeria. The borrow pit site lies within the coordinates 6°53’11.81”N and 3°7’44.88”E.The eggshells were obtained from Obasanjo Farms Nigeria Limited, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria and grounded to powder. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes of practice, consolidation tests on 1hour and 24hours soaked samples were conducted to determine the relevant consolidation parameters and settlement indices. Eggshell powder was substituted in the lateritic soil (sedimentary formation) in range of 0% to 50% with 0% serving as control experiment for both the 1-hour soaked and 24-hour soaked samples. The results indicated that for the 1hour soaked sample, the value of the coefficient of consolidation is within the range of 1.22 at 50% substitution to 1.68 at 10% substitution, while the range is 0.63 at 50% substitution to 1.60 at 20% substitution. Finally, from the results, coefficient of consolidation reduces as the percentage eggshell powder substitution increases.
Keywords: Coefficient; Consolidation; Stabilization; Lateritic; Soil; Settlement; Eggshell Powder},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keywords: Coefficient; Consolidation; Stabilization; Lateritic; Soil; Settlement; Eggshell Powder
2021
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson
Effects of Seismic Loads from Underground Accidental Explosions Occurring Between Ground Surface and Buried Pipes Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2021, ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE-21-001,
title = {Effects of Seismic Loads from Underground Accidental Explosions Occurring Between Ground Surface and Buried Pipes},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/IJAGIE-21-001.pdf},
issn = {2545-5559},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-02},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-10},
abstract = {Underground accidental explosions are caused by the detonation of explosive materials (solid, liquid or gas) stored below the ground surface. In this study, effects on underground pipes due to varying degrees of underground accidental explosions between the ground surface and buried concrete and steel pipes were studied using ABAQUS, a finite element numerical code. Concrete and steel pipes buried in loose sand and dense sand at various depths below the ground surface were modelled. The material properties as revealed by several researchers were used. Pipe and soil materials were limited to linear, elastic, homogeneous and isotropic. The observed parameters are displacement, pressure, mises, stress and strain at the crown, invert and spring-line of buried pipes. The results showed that irrespective of the ground media, at a given loading wave velocity, displacement remains relatively constant as the embedment ratio increases. Even though there is variation in the results due to dilations and compressions caused by the transient stress pulse of compression wave, some of the observed parameters reduce as the depth of burial of pipes increased.
Keywords: Underground, Explosion, Pipes, Loading Wave Velocity.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keywords: Underground, Explosion, Pipes, Loading Wave Velocity.
2017
Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU
CBR Strength Characteristics of a Laterite Stabilized with 2% to 10% (Low Dosage) Thermoplastic Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2017, ISSN: ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE1701001,
title = {CBR Strength Characteristics of a Laterite Stabilized with 2% to 10% (Low Dosage) Thermoplastic},
author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/IJAGIE-17-01-001.pdf},
issn = {ISSN: 2545-5559},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-12-12},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-11},
abstract = {This study is aimed at investigating the usability of thermoplastic as an alternative for construction materials with a view to reducing environmental hazard caused by plastic waste. The lateritic soil used was taken at Ajegunle, Abalabi (6 53’ 13.758”N, 3 7’ 59.994”E) along Papa-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria while the solid thermoplastic wastes were taken from plastic recycling plant at Papalanto (6 53’ 26.406”N, 310’ 21.788”E), Ogun state, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for lateritic soil (control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run CBR (soaked and unsoaked) tests for all thermoplastic substitutions. The thermoplastic waste were grounded into pellets passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil from 2% to 10% (low dosage) at 2% interval for California Bearing Ration (CBR) test while 0% served as control experiment. The tests conducted in line with BS 1377 (1990) are sieve analysis, plasticity index determination, compaction, soaked and unsoaked CBR. From the results, it was observed that plastic pellet stabilized soil exhibit the same strength characteristic as lateritic soil while CBR value increases as percentage of plastic pellet increases for both soaked and unsoaked from 2% to 10% substitution. Consequently, plastic pellet could be used as a substitute as well as stabilizing agent in lateritic soil for construction material. Therefore, environmental risk and hazard caused by plastic waste could be reduced if not completely eliminated.
Keywords: Thermoplastic, Laterite, Soil, Strength, Plasticity, CBR, Soaked, Unsoaked.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keywords: Thermoplastic, Laterite, Soil, Strength, Plasticity, CBR, Soaked, Unsoaked.